Molecular dynamics simulations of single-layer and rotated double-layer graphene sheets under a high velocity impact by fullerene

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed in this paper to study the behavior of single-layer and rotated double-layer graphene sheets under a high velocity impact. The AIREBO force field is used for MD simulations. Stress wave propagation is investigated, and cone-wave and axial-wave velocities are determined. The coefficient of restitution for the double-layer graphene sheet is calculated at different impact incident angles and velocities. Impact and rebound kinetic energy of projectile under the impact simulation of different rotation angles double-layer graphene sheet is monitored. High cone-wave and axial-wave velocities show that single-layer and double-layer graphene sheets have potential applications in impact protection materials

Modeling glass cooling mechanism with down-flowing water film via the smoothed particle hydrodynamics

This paper presents a new attempt to investigate the cooling mechanism of glass panes with down-flowing water film during fire outbreak by simulating the heat energy conservation equation using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The nature of meshfree SPH method used allows us to predict the temperature distribution efficiently in continuous flow problems in contrast with mesh-based methods. To validate and show the efficiency of the proposed SPH model, the results from our simulation at specific conditions were compared with experimental measurements and results from commercial software packages. Furthermore, the new SPH model is utilized to simulate the effects of heat flux variation, down-flowing velocity and thickness of water film on temperature distribution of glass during fire. The developed SPH model is well able to describe glass cooling under different conditions. The computational results show that the rate of cooling increases when velocity or thickness of down-flowing water film increases. However, the glass temperature increases when heat flux increases

Artificial Intelligence in Materials Modeling and Design

In recent decades, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in the field of materials modeling has received significant attention owing to their excellent ability to analyze a vast amount of data and reveal correlations between several complex interrelated phenomena. In this review paper, we summarize recent advances in the applications of AI techniques for numerical modeling of different types of materials. AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning show great advantages and potential for predicting important mechanical properties of materials and reveal how changes in certain principal parameters affect the overall behavior of engineering materials. Furthermore, in this review, we show that the application of AI techniques can significantly help to improve the design and optimize the properties of future advanced engineering materials. Finally, a perspective on the challenges and prospects of the applications of AI techniques for material modeling is presented

Molecular dynamics simulation of perforation of graphene under impact by fullerene projectiles

In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to study the perforation of graphene under impact by fullerenes of various sizes. The buckling characteristics of fullerenes after impact are classified and discussed. The relative state of C180 projectile and graphene under impact at different velocities is also investigated. We observed that the C180 projectile rebounds at low velocity (V < 4.25 km/s), sticks to graphene at high velocity (4.25 km/s ≤ V ≤ 4.75 km/s), and perforates the graphene at higher velocity (V ≥ 4.75 km/s). It is found that the buckled cap of large-size fullerene formed after impact can better absorb kinetic energy. In addition, different crack modes of graphene after perforation were investigated. The effect of fullerene projectile size and initial velocity on ballistic limit velocity was also clarified. This study provides new implications for the application of large-size fullerenes as impact shields

Predicting the elastic properties and deformability of red blood cell membrane using an atomistic-continuum approach

This paper employs the gradient theory to study the elastic properties and deformability of red blood cell (RBC) membrane using the first-order Cauchy-Born rule as an atomistic-continuum hyperelastic constitutive model that directly incorporates the microstructure of the spectrin network. The well-known Cauchy-Born rule is extended to account for a three-dimensional (3D) reference configuration. Using the strain energy density function and the deformation gradient tensor, the elastic properties of the RBC membrane were predicted by minimizing the potential energy in the representative cell. This extended formulation was then coupled with the meshfree method for numerical modeling of the finite deformation of the RBC membrane by simulating the optical tweezer experiment using a self-written MATLAB code. The results obtained provide new insight into the elastic properties and deformability of RBC membrane. In addition, the proposed method performs better when compared with those found in literature in terms of prediction accuracy and computation efficiency

A meshfree analysis of the thermal behaviors of hot surface glass pane subjects to down-flowing water film via smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Glass cooling using water film depends on several parameters such as heat flux, down-flowing velocity, and thickness of water film. The efficiency of glass protection with water film can be significantly enhanced through a proper combination of the fire and water film parameters. This study aims to present an in-depth investigation into the influence of the heat flux, down-flowing velocity and thickness of water film parameters on the thermal behavior of glass panes during a fire and to propose new guidelines to enhance the efficiency of the water film glass protection system. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used here to simulate glass cooling with a down-flowing water film. Based on several SPH simulation scenarios of glass cooling at a different fire and water film working conditions, new empirical equations are derived to describe the effects of heat flux, down-flowing velocity, and thickness of water film on the temperature drop in glass and water film. Furthermore, these empirical equations were employed to study the evaporation of water film and to compare the efficiency of the cooling mechanism with different down-flowing velocity and thickness of water film. The simulation results confirm that increasing down-flowing velocity is more efficient in glass cooling than increasing water film thickness

Element-free multiscale modeling of large deformation behavior of red blood cell membrane with malaria infection

In normal physiological and healthy conditions, red blood cells (RBCs) deform readily as they passthrough the microcapillaries and the spleen. In this paper, we examine the effects of Plasmodiumfalciparum infection and maturation on the large deformation behavior of malaria-infected redblood cells (iRBCs) by means of a three-dimensional (3D) multiscale meshfree method. Wenumerically simulated the optical tweezers experiment and observed the force-displacementresponse of the iRBC membrane as malaria infection progresses. Our simulation results agree well with experimental data and confirm that the deformability of malaria-infected cells decreasessignificantly as malaria infection progresses

How biomechanical properties of red blood cells change with temperature

In recent decades, the biomechanical properties of human red blood cells (RBCs) have been greatly explored by numerous researchers for diverse reasons. In normal physiological conditions, RBCs undergoes large deformation when traversing thin microcapillaries, however, upon infection by different blood-related diseases such as malaria, they experience impaired deformability. This paper examines how biomechanical properties of RBCs change with temperature using a multiscale meshfree method. The multiscale meshfree method offers improved accuracy and better computational efficiency as it incorporates RBC membrane microstructural configuration into its constitutive formulation, thereby providing better insights into the changes on the atomistic level

Meshfree and Particle Methods in Biomechanics: Prospects and Challenges

The use of meshfree and particle methods in the field of bioengineering and biomechanics has significantly increased. This may be attributed to their unique abilities to overcome most of the inherent limitations of mesh-based methods in dealing with problems involving large deformation and complex geometry that are common in bioengineering and computational biomechanics in particular. This review article is intended to identify, highlight and summarize research works on topics that are of substantial interest in the field of computational biomechanics in which meshfree or particle methods have been employed for analysis, simulation or/and modeling of biological systems such as soft matters, cells, biological soft and hard tissues and organs. We also anticipate that this review will serve as a useful resource and guide to researchers who intend to extend their work into these research areas. This review article includes 333 references

A Bibliometric Analysis of Recycled Concrete Research (1978–2019)

ArticlePurpose – The use of recycled concrete (RC) can reduce the greenhouse emissions associated with the production of cement, which is one of the primary materials used for the execution of construction projects. This research aims to review the state of knowledge in the field of RC research. An understanding of the state of the art in the RC domain justifies future research in this field. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic and comprehensive search of RC-related literature was conducted using the Scopus database. In this research, the bibliometrix R-package was used for the analysis of bibliometric information of the selected papers. The software was used to create a map, which highlights the trends and gaps in the RC knowledge domain. Findings – The results reveal the research themes, clusters, collaboration networks and advancement of knowledge in the field of RC research. The study integrates the literature focussed on RC research and provides a platform for progression of knowledge in this field. Originality/value – The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge by providing an up-to-date RC knowledge map based on an analysis of bibliographic data. Information gleaned from previous studies suggests that bibliometric review can strengthen and complement the findings emerging from other forms of literature reviews. The study reported here is one of the first studies to provide insights into the evolution of RC research